Non-experimental Research Designs
- a non-experimental research design meets 1, maybe 2 of the criteria for causality (empirical association, temporal order, and non spuriousness), depending
- at minimum, allows us to test for association
- might show time order depending on how the study is set up; for example, asking survey questions in a manner that clarifies time order
- the lower you go from the experimental design, the more statistical analysis that is required
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